Environmental Vulnerability Index (EVI) Project:
	(South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission. By Craig Pratt)
	Each indicator is accompanied by a short form key name, detailed definition, list of key words that describe the main factors for which it is a proxy. Cat = Categorisation where: REI = Risk exposure sub-index; IRI = Intrinsic resilience sub-index; EDI = Environmental degradation sub-index; Met = Meteorological; G = Geological; CC = Intrinsic country characteristics; B = biological and A = Anthropogenic indicators.
	#	Cat	Key name	Indicator text	Main proxy factors
	1	REI	Sea Surface	Greatest average annual deviation in Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) in the last 5	Coral bleaching; fisheries;
		Met	Temperature	years as compared with the long term mean (30 years)	currents; eddies; ENSO;
					cyclones
	2	REI	High winds	Number of days over the last five years during which the maximum recorded wind	Cyclones; tornadoes; storms;
		Met		speed (3 sec wind gusts) is greater than 20% higher than the average maximum	erosion
				wind speed for that month. (Use 30-year average for each month as reference points
				and data to be accumulated over all reference climate stations and be divided by the
				number of stations)
	3	REI	Dry periods	Number of months over the last five years during which rainfall is greater than 20%	Droughts; dry spells; water
		Met		lower than the 30 year average for that month (over all reference climate stations /	resources
				number of climate stations)
	4	REI	Wet periods	Number of months over the last five years during which rainfall was greater than 20%	Floods; wet spells; coral reefs;
		Met		higher than the 30 year average for that month (over all reference stations / number	pollution; erosion
				of climate stations)
	5	REI	Heat waves	Number of days over the last five years in which the maximum temperature was	Heat waves; desertification;
		Met		greater than 5°C higher than the mean monthly maximum (reference mean is from	water resources; temperature
				the 30 year average) (over all reference stations/ number of climate stations)	stress
	6	REI	Cold snaps	Number of days over the last five years in which the minimum temperature was	Cold snaps; temperature stress
		Met		greater than 5°C lower than the mean monthly minimum (reference mean from the
				30 year average) (over all reference stations/ number of climate stations)
	7	REI	Volcanic	Number of volcanoes with potential for eruption greater than or equal to Volcanic	Eruptions; landslides; geysers;
		G	eruptions	Explosive Index of 4 (VEI 4) within 100km of country land boundary per area of land	gas; fires; ash; dust; marine kills
	8	REI	Earthquakes	Cumulative earthquake energy within 100km of country land boundaries per land	Earthquakes; landslides
		G		area with Local Magnitude (ML) greater than or equal to six (>= 6.0) and less than or
				equal to depth of fifteen kilometres (<= 15km) over 5 years
	9	REI	Tsunamis	Number of tsunamis or storms surges with run up greater than 2 metres above Mean	Tidal waves; erosion; habitat
		G		High Water Spring tide (MHWS) per 100km coastline since 1900	disturbance and organism kills
	10	IRI	Land area	Total land area (km2)	Richness of habitat types;
		CC			refugia; species redundancy and
					richness
	11	IRI	Fragmentation	Ratio of length of shoreline or land border to total land area	Fragmentation; erosion;
		CC	or “islandness”		exposure at borders or coasts
	12	IRI	Isolation	Distance to nearest continent within 10 degrees latitude (km)	Proximity to refugia;
		CC			recolonisation; biodiversity
	13	IRI	Vertical relief	Altitude range (highest point subtract the lowest point in country)	Biodiversity of habitats and
		CC			species
	14	IRI	Lowlands	Percent of land area less than 10 metres above sea level	Floods, areas of accumulation of
		CC			pollution, sensitive habitats
	15	IRI	Coastal	Percent of land area below 10 metres in elevation within 2 kilometres to coast	Storm surges, cyclones, erosion
		CC	vulnerability	composed of unconsolidated sediments (excluding coral reefs)	by waves, rivers, storms
	16	IRI	Endemic	Number of known endemic species per square kilometre land area	Biodiversity; unique species
		CC	species
	17	REI	Pathogens and	Number of reported (and verified) organism outbreaks (pathogens, blooms, plaques	Ecosystem stress;
		B	plagues	etc) over the last five years per land area	eutrophication; pollution;
					introductions; disturbance
	18	REI	Potential for	Total tonnage of freight imported per year per square kilometre of land area	Potential risk of introductions,
		B	introductions		oil, pollution
	19	EDI	Introductions	Number of introduced species per square kilometre land area (IUCN Definitions)	Past introductions; biodiversity
		B
	20	EDI	Endangered	Number of endangered and threatened species per square kilometre land area	Biodiversity; keystone species
		B	species	(IUCN Definitions)
	21	EDI	Extinctions	Number of species known to have become extinct since 1900 per square kilometre	Biodiversity; ecosystem
		B		land area (IUCN Definitions)	structure and function
	22	EDI	Natural	Percentage of natural and regrowth vegetation remaining (e.g. forests, mangroves.	Ecological redundancy;
		B	vegetation	prairies, saltmarshes, tundra, desert, savannah)	biodiversity; ecosystem services
					and goods
	23	EDI	Intensive	Tonnage of intensively farmed animal products (includes aquaculture, pigs, chickens,	Pollution; eutrophication
		B	farming	cattle, etc.) produced per year per square kilometre land area
	24	EDI	Fisheries	Percent of fisheries stocks over-fished (FFA/FAO definitions)	Resource depletion
		B
	25	EDI	Coastal	Density of people living in coastal settlements (i.e. with a city centre within 100km of	Stress on coastal ecosystems,
		A	settlements	the coast)	pollution, eutrophication,
	26	REI	Human	Total human population density (number per km2 land area)	All incidental damage caused by
		A	population		human activities
			density
	27	REI	Human	Annual human population growth rate (average over last five years)	Potential for future incidental
		A	population		damage caused by human
			growth rate		activities
	28	REI	Rate of loss of	Net percentage of land area changed by removal of natural vegetation over the last	Potential for future loss of
		A	natural	five years	natural vegetation, habitat loss
			vegetation
	29	REI	Tourists	Annual number of international tourists multiplied by the average length of stay in the	Additional load of all human
		A		country over one year per land area (over the last five years)	impac ts not reported in
					population statistics
	30	REI	Wastewaters	Litres of untreated industrial and domestic wastewater discharged per day per square	Eutrophication; water pollution
		A		kilometre of land area
	31	REI	Production of	Total net tonnage of generated and imported toxic, hazardous and municipal wastes	Pollution; habitat destruction;
		A	hazardous and	per square kilometre land area average last 10 years	groundwater damage
			municipal
			wastes
	32	REI	Waste	Mean percent of hazardous, toxic and municipal waste “effectively” managed or	Proportion of wastes rendered
		A	treatment	treated per year	less harmful
	33	REI	Oil spills	Number of spills of oil and hazardous substances greater than1000 litres during the	Pollution
		A		last five years on land, in rivers or within territorial waters per square kilometre of
				land area
	34	REI	Toxic industries	Number of nuclear, chemical and other major industrial facilities (e.g. oil rigs) that	Pollution; acid rain
		A		could cause significant environmental damage per square kilometre land area
	35	REI	Vehicle	Number of vehicles per square kilometre of land area	Habitat damage; habitat
		A	Pollution		fragmentation; pollution;
					hazardous wastes
	36	REI	SO2	Maximum 24 hour SO2 concentration (microgram/m3) (average over last fiv e years)	Pollution; attenuation rates; acid
		A	concentration		rain
	37	REI	Fertilisers	Tonnes of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilisers used per year	Eutrophication; pollution; soil
		A		per square kilometre of agricultural land (average last five years)	damage; loss of arable land
	38	REI	Pesticides	Tonnes of pesticides used per square kilometre of agricultural land (average last five	Pollution; soil damage; damage
		A		years)	to reproductive systems of
					organisms
	39	REI	Fisheries	Number of new fisheries stocks or expanded fisheries efforts (greater than 20%	Rate of resource depletion
		A	stocks	increase in catches) added to the country over the last five years (within territory)
	40	EDI	Land	Percent of land area degraded	Rate of habitat loss
		A	degradation
	41	EDI	Water	Mean percentage of water usage per year met from renewable and non-declining	Sustainable use of surface free
		A	resources	sources	water and groundwater; damage
					(including salinisation) of
					functionally non-renewable
					groundwater, rivers, lakes etc;
					habitat damage
	42	REI	Sub-surface	Tonnes of mining material (ore + tailings) extracted per square kilometre per land	Pollution; habitat disturbance;
		A	mining	area per year average last five years	heavy industry
	43	EDI	Surface mining	Percentage of land, rivers and coastal zone affected by mining and quarrying	Habitat disturbance
		A
	44	EDI	Terrestrial	Percent of terrestrial zone set aside as reserves	Increases resilience, pollution
		A	reserves		attenuation, limits loss of
					biodiversity
	45	EDI	Marine	Percent of marine zone set aside as reserves (mean high tide to continent shelf)	Increases resilience, pollution
		A	Reserves		attenuation, limits loss of
					biodiversity
	46	EDI	War / civil strife	Number of war or civil strife years over the last 50 years within the territory	Habitat disturbance; pollution;
		A			habitat degradation
	47	EDI	Legislation	Environmentally related legislation with regulations	Controls; management of goods
		A	(discarded)		and services
	48*	EDI	Sanitation	Percentage of population with access to safe sanitation	Eutrophication, groundwater
		A			pollution
	49*	EDI	Genetically	Area of land engaged in the agriculture or field testing of any genetically modified	Genetic diversity, genetic
		A	modified	organisms	pollution
			organisms